電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)鉛酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)中的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)像人體中的(de)血液(ye)(ye)一(yi)樣寶貴(gui)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)一(yi)旦(dan)喪(sang)失(shi)(shi)(shi)，就(jiu)意味著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)報(bao)廢(fei)了(le)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)是由稀硫酸(suan)和(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)組成的(de)。充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中，難以(yi)避免失(shi)(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)式(shi)不(bu)一(yi)樣，失(shi)(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)也不(bu)一(yi)樣。普通(tong)三段(duan)式(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)式(shi)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中的(de)失(shi)(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量是科(ke)(ke)林(lin)(lin)脈沖(chong)模(mo)式(shi)的(de)二倍(bei)以(yi)上！電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)除了(le)自然(ran)壽(shou)命外還有一(yi)個(ge)失(shi)(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)壽(shou)命：單只電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)失(shi)(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)超過90克(ke)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)就(jiu)報(bao)廢(fei)了(le)。在(zai)常溫(wen)下（25℃），普通(tong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)失(shi)(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量約(yue)為(wei)(wei)0.25克(ke)，而科(ke)(ke)林(lin)(lin)脈沖(chong)為(wei)(wei)0.12克(ke)。在(zai)高溫(wen)下（35℃），普通(tong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)失(shi)(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量為(wei)(wei)0.5克(ke)，而科(ke)(ke)林(lin)(lin)脈沖(chong)為(wei)(wei)0.23克(ke)。按此計算，普通(tong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)在(zai)250次循環(huan)后水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分充(chong)干，而科(ke)(ke)林(lin)(lin)脈沖(chong)在(zai)600次循環(huan)后水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分才會(hui)充(chong)干。因此，科(ke)(ke)林(lin)(lin)脈沖(chong)能(neng)延長電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)一(yi)倍(bei)以(yi)上的(de)壽(shou)命。
鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄電池在充(chong)電過程(cheng)中的(de)較大問題是(shi)析(xi)(xi)氣。美國科學家馬斯(J.A.Mas)對鉛(qian)酸(suan)電池充(chong)電過程(cheng)中析(xi)(xi)氣原因和(he)規律的(de)研究，為達到較低析(xi)(xi)氣率，鉛(qian)酸(suan)電池能夠(gou)接受(shou)充(chong)電電流曲線(xian)如下：
臨(lin)界析(xi)氣曲線的公式為：I=I0e-at%h^2
在充電過程中，充電電流(liu)超(chao)過臨界析氣曲(qu)線的部分，只(zhi)能(neng)(neng)導致(zhi)蓄電池電解(jie)水反應而(er)產生氣體和溫升，不(bu)能(neng)(neng)提高電池的容(rong)量。
1、恒流電(dian)(dian)階段(duan)，充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流保持恒定，充入電(dian)(dian)量快速增加，電(dian)(dian)壓上升；
2、恒壓(ya)充(chong)電(dian)階段，充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)保持(chi)恒定，充(chong)入電(dian)量繼續增加，充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流下降；
3、蓄電(dian)(dian)池充滿，電(dian)(dian)流下(xia)降到低于浮充轉換電(dian)(dian)流，充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓降低到浮充電(dian)(dian)壓；
4、浮充充電(dian)階段，充電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)保持為(wei)浮充電(dian)壓(ya)；
普通三(san)階段(duan)充電(dian)第一(yi)階段(duan)為恒流充電(dian)，這主要是考慮(lv)到電(dian)路的設(she)計(ji)比較方便，并非為使蓄電(dian)池性(xing)能較佳而設(she)計(ji)。
按照(zhao)蓄電池(chi)充電析(xi)(xi)氣曲線，普通三(san)階段充電過程的析(xi)(xi)氣情況：
恒(heng)流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)段后期(qi)和恒(heng)壓(ya)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)前(qian)期(qi)，電(dian)(dian)流超(chao)過臨界析氣曲線(xian)，造(zao)成蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)析氣，引起(qi)壽命(ming)下降。超(chao)過臨界析氣曲線(xian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)流僅使蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)產生氣體和溫(wen)升，未轉化為(wei)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)效率也因此降低。產生的(de)電(dian)(dian)流分叉(cha)很大，更容易造(zao)成電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組的(de)不平衡(heng)。